Baena is located in Cordoba Region , Andalucia

Baena is a town in Córdoba region, Andalucía. This town was named by the Roman as Baniana or Biniana. In 1833, a subterranean vault was discovered, containing twelve cinerary urns with inscriptions commemorating members of the Pompeian family. The hill where the town is located was crowned by fortifications.

In 1292, the Arakljbian military forces under Mohammed II of Granada vainly besieged the town, which was held for Sancho IV de Castilla. At that time, there were four parish churches and three schools directed by Christian nuns. The girls' school held a high reputation in the province, despite not going beyond reading, writing, arithmetic, and religious instruction.

At the beginning of the 15th century the town was granted to Diego Fernández de Córdoba, who built most of the Church of Santa María la Mayor and also the Convent of Madre de Dios.

The sixteenth century is characterized by a strong growth in the population, followed by a deep crisis  and a sign of recovery in the eighteenth century in which agriculture was the main economic resource of the city. Grain and olive oil were the principal trade items in the 19th century; by the time of the First World War, horse-breeding and linen-weaving had also developed, despite the nearest railroad station located in Luque, a town nearby which is also in the Cordoba region.

At the beginning of the Spanish Civil  War the town was the scene of the Baena Massacre, a ruthless mass-execution of Spanish republicans where about 700 people were murdered on  the orders of Colonel Sáenz de Buruaga.

Fiestas